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商务部办公厅关于加快在农村推广散装水泥的指导意见

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商务部办公厅关于加快在农村推广散装水泥的指导意见

商务部办公厅


商务部办公厅关于加快在农村推广散装水泥的指导意见


 【发布单位】商务部办公厅
 【发布文号】商改字〔2006〕65号
 【发布日期】2006-09-25


各省、自治区、直辖市散装水泥行政主管部门,散装水泥办公室:

  为贯彻《中共中央国务院关于推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》(中发〔2006〕1号),落实《国务院关于做好建设节约型社会近期重点工作的通知》(国发〔2005〕21号)关于“从使用环节入手,进一步加大散装水泥推广力度”的精神,根据我国农村发展现状,提出加快推广散装水泥的指导意见。

  一、充分认识加快推进农村使用散装水泥的重要意义

  建设社会主义新农村,是党中央国务院从国家发展全局出发确定的一项重大战略决策。在农村推广使用散装水泥,对促进农村城镇化建设,达到新农村建设“村容整洁”的要求,提高农村基础设施水平和农民生活质量,全面提升农村现代化,推动城乡社会和谐发展具有十分重要的意义。目前我国农村建设水泥消费量占水泥消费总量的40%以上,但散装水泥使用率只有6%左右。随着新农村建设的深入,县域经济和中小城镇建设的实施,以及小康工程建设、农田水利、乡村道路等基础设施建设投入的加大,农村散装水泥市场潜力巨大。地方各级散装水泥行政主管部门和散装水泥办公室要充分认识在农村推广使用散装水泥的重要意义,将工作重点有步骤地向农村转移,提高农村散装水泥使用量和使用率水平。

  二、因地制宜,积极开拓农村散装水泥使用市场

  各地要参照城市推广散装水泥取得的经验,并结合农村特点,探索采用适合农村推广使用散装水泥的方式方法。

  在乡镇农村,通过建立散装水泥销售(配送)站的方式扩大散装水泥的销售和使用。充分利用当地供销社、农资销售点、便民超市等经营资源,引导企业和社会建设乡级或村级散装水泥销售网点。要加强规划,合理布点,根据当地农民的消费习惯和能力配置散装设备,方便农民购买。要以点带面,稳步建设。东部和沿海地区,每个乡镇应建立2-3个销售网点,中部地区和西部地区每个乡镇建立1-2个销售网点。从2007年开始,每个散装水泥办公室支持建设一个农村散装水泥销售(配送)站,争取到2010年末全国建设4000个农村散装水泥销售(配送)站,形成农村散装水泥销售网络,实现供应散装水泥能力8000万吨,带动全国散装率提高7.5个百分点。

  在有条件的县城,要鼓励发展预拌混凝土,支持建立商品混凝土搅拌站,逐步实行县城城区禁止现场搅拌混凝土。根据地区发展水平的不同,东部和沿海地区,2007年底争取70%以上县城城区禁止现场搅拌混凝土;西部省区,要以1-2个县(市)作为试点,开展县城城区禁止现场搅拌混凝土工作;其他省区,以3-5个县(市)作为试点,实行县城城区禁止现场搅拌混凝土。

  水泥消费量较大的地区,可采取建立水泥预制场的方式,集中使用散装水泥。

  三、提高农村散装水泥设施设备综合配套能力

  地方各级散装水泥管理机构要组织有关科研单位和散装水泥设备生产企业加快开发研制适合农村散装水泥使用的生产、运输、储存、使用等技术设备,为农村散装水泥供应点和消费者提供质优价廉、实惠耐用、标准化、系列化的散装水泥装备。要积极引导水泥生产企业在运输、储存、卸装设备方面为农村散装水泥销售网点和水泥用户提供方便和服务。要帮助和指导水泥制品生产企业配备散装水泥设施设备。对于散装水泥经营户和运输户添置散装水泥储存、运输设备,要给予支持。

  四、建立农村散装水泥协调服务管理体系

  为保证农村散装水泥销售网络顺利发展,各级散装水泥办公室要加强管理,做好协调服务工作,逐步建立完善的农村散装水泥市场服务管理体系。根据农村使用散装水泥地点分散、交通不便、使用量小等特点,要研究和开发适合农民购买和使用的工具。要对供应、销售人员加强指导和培训。要经常听取农民的意见和建议,不断改进工作。帮助销售网点建立符合实际、简便易操作的统计制度。建立起供货及时、计量准确、运输快捷及信息传递、设备租赁维修等功能健全、适合农村特点的服务体系。

  五、利用多种形式,加大对农村发展散装水泥的宣传力度

  各地散装水泥行政主管部门和散装水泥办公室要充分利用各种媒体,采取多种形式开展散装水泥宣传工作。要深入到县镇和乡村,向广大农民宣传发展散装水泥对节约资源,保护环境的重大意义,重点宣传使用散装水泥对社会主义新农村建设的重要意义,增强广大农村消费者的保护环境、节约资源的意识,提高使用散装水泥的自觉性。同时,要采取农民容易接受的方式,宣传使用散装水泥给农民带来的经济效益,使农民认识使用散装水泥不仅提高建筑质量和效率,而且比使用袋装水泥节省建筑成本,可以给农民带来更多的实惠和好处,提高农民使用散装水泥的积极性和主动性。

  六、切实加强对农村发展散装水泥工作的组织领导

  地方各级散装水泥行政主管部门和散装水泥办公室要把加快农村推广使用散装水泥工作列入议事日程,切实加强组织领导,调整工作思路,制定规划和措施。要积极向地方政府和有关部门汇报和沟通,争取政府和有关部门的支持,建立相应的协调机制,充分发挥各部门职责,形成社会合力,共同推动农村推广散装水泥工作。地方各级散装水泥办公室要积极履行职能,做好农村发展散装水泥的组织和协调工作,根据本地实际,组织力量研究开拓农村散装水泥市场的思路,探索农村推广使用散装水泥的方法和模式,形成有地方特色的农村发展散装水泥工作机制。要积极与有关部门配合,研究制定推动农村散装水泥发展的政策措施,在政策和资金等方面加大对农村推广使用散装水泥的支持力度。要建立对农村推广散装水泥工作的考核制度,特别要考核农村散装水泥销售(配送)站的建设情况,把建立农村散装水泥销售网络工作落到实处。



                            中华人民共和国商务部办公厅
                              二○○六年九月二十五日

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ——附加英文版

The National People's Congress


GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's
Congress, promulgated by Order No. 37 of the President of the People's
Republic of China on April 12, 1986, and effective as of January 1, 1987)

Contents
Chapter I Basic Principles
Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person)
Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil
Conduct
Section 2 Guardianship
Section 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and Death
Section 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm
Households
Section 5 Individual Partnership
Chapter III Legal Persons
Section 1 General Stipulations
Section 2 Enterprise as Legal Person
Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social
Organization as Legal Persons
Section 4 Economic Association
Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency
Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts
Section 2 Agency
Chapter V Civil Rights
Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights
Section 2 Creditors' Rights
Section 3 Intellectual Property Rights
Section 4 Personal Rights
Chapter VI Civil Liability
Section 1 General Stipulations
Section 2 Civil Liability for Breach of Contract
Section 3 Civil Liability for Infringement of Rights
Section 4 Methods of Bearing Civil Liability
Chapter VII Limitation of Action
Chapter VIII Application of Law in Civil Relations with Foreigners
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I Basic Principles
Article 1
This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the actual
situation in our country, drawing upon our practical experience in civil
activities, for the purpose of protecting the lawful civil rights and
interests of citizens and legal persons and correctly adjusting civil
relations, so as to meet the needs of the developing socialist
modernization.
Article 2
The Civil Law of the People's Republic of China shall adjust property
relationships and personal relationships between civil subjects with equal
status, that is, between citizens, between legal persons and between
citizens and legal persons.
Article 3
Parties to a civil activity shall have equal status.
Article 4
In civil activities, the principles of voluntariness, fairness, making
compensation for equal value, honesty and credibility shall be observed.
Article 5
The lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons shall
be protected by law; no organization or individual may infringe upon them.
Article 6
Civil activities must be in compliance with the law; where there are no
relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with state
policies.
Article 7
Civil activities shall have respect for social ethics and shall not harm
the public interest, undermine state economic plans or disrupt social
economic order.
Article 8
The law of the People's Republic of China shall apply to civil activities
within the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise stipulated by
law.
The stipulations of this Law as regards citizens shall apply to foreigners
and stateless persons within the People's Republic of China, except as
otherwise stipulated by law.

Chapter II Citizen (Natural Person)
Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct.
Article 9
A citizen shall have the capacity for civil rights from birth to death and
shall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations in accordance with
the law.
Article 10
All citizens are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights.
Article 11
A citizen aged 18 or over shall be an adult. He shall have full capacity
for civil conduct, may independently engage in civil activities and shall
be called a person with full capacity for civil conduct.
A citizen who has reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18 and whose
main source of income is his own labour shall be regarded as a person with
full capacity for civil conduct.
Article 12
A minor aged 10 or over shall be a person with limited capacity for civil
conduct and may engage in civil activities appropriate to his age and
intellect; in other civil activities, he shall be represented by his agent
ad litem or participate with the consent of his agent ad litem.
A minor under the age of 10 shall be a person having no capacity for civil
conduct and shall be represented in civil activities by his agent ad
litem.
Article 13
A mentally ill person who is unable to account for his own conduct shall
be a person having no capacity for civil conduct and shall be represented
in civil activities by his agent ad litem.
A mentally ill person who is unable to fully account for his own conduct
shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct and may engage
in civil activities appropriate to his mental health; in other civil
activities, he shall be represented by his agent ad litem or participate
with the consent of his agent ad litem.
Article 14
The guardian of a person without or with limited capacity for civil
conduct shall be his agent ad litem.
Article 15
The domicile of a citizen shall be the place where his residence is
registered; if his habitual residence is not the same as his domicile, his
habitual residence shall be regarded as his domicile.
Section 2 Guardianship
Article 16
The parents of a minor shall be his guardians.
If the parents of a minor are dead or lack the competence to be his
guardian, a person from the following categories who has the competence to
be a guardian shall act as his guardian:
(1) paternal or maternal grandparent;
(2) elder brother or sister; or
(3) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the
responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the units of the
minor's parents or from the neighbourhood or village committee in the
place of the minor's residence. In case of a dispute over guardianship,
the units of the minor's parents or the neighbourhood or village committee
in the place of his residence shall appoint a guardian from among the
minor's near relatives. If disagreement over the appointment leads to a
lawsuit, the people's court shall make a ruling.
If none of the persons listed in the first two paragraphs of this article
is available to be the guardian, the units of the minor's parents, the
neighbourhood or village committee in the place of the minor's residence
or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.
Article 17
A person from the following categories shall act as guardian for a
mentally ill person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct:
(1) spouse;
(2) parent;
(3) adult child;
(4) any other near relative;
(5) any other closely connected relative or friend willing to bear the
responsibility of guardianship and having approval from the unit to which
the mentally ill person belongs or from the neighbourhood or village
committee in the place of his residence. In case of a dispute over
guardianship, the unit to which the mentally ill person belongs or the
neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his residence shall
appoint a guardian from among his near relatives. If disagreement over the
appointment leads to a lawsuit, the people's court shall make a ruling.
If none of the persons listed in the first paragraph of this article is
available to be the guardian, the unit to which the mentally ill person
belongs, the neighbourhood or village committee in the place of his
residence or the civil affairs department shall act as his guardian.
Article 18
A guardian shall fulfil his duty of guardianship and protect the person,
property and other lawful rights and interests of his ward. A guardian
shall not handle the property of his ward unless it is in the ward's
interests.
A guardian's rights to fulfil his guardianship in accordance with the law
shall be protected by law.
If a guardian does not fulfil his duties as guardian or infringes upon the
lawful rights and interests of his ward, he shall be held responsible; if
a guardian causes any property loss for his ward, he shall compensate for
such loss. The people's court may disqualify a guardian based on the
application of a concerned party or unit.
Article 19
A person who shares interests with a mental patient may apply to a
people's court for a declaration that the mental patient is a person
without or with limited capacity for civil conduct.
With the recovery of the health of a person who has been declared by a
people's court to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct,
and upon his own application or that of an interested person, the people's
court may declare him to be a person with limited or full capacity for
civil conduct.
Section 3 Declarations of Missing Persons and Death
Article 20
If a citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for two years, an interested
person may apply to a people's court for a declaration of the citizen as
missing.
If a person's whereabouts become unknown during a war, the calculation of
the time period in which his whereabouts are unknown shall begin on the
final day of the war.
Article 21
A missing person's property shall be placed in the custody of his spouse,
parents, adult children or other closely connected relatives or friends.
In case of a dispute over custody, if the persons stipulated above are
unavailable or are incapable of taking such custody, the property shall be
placed in the custody of a person appointed by the people's court. Any
taxes, debts and other unpaid expenses owed by a missing person shall
defrayed by the custodian out of the missing person's property.
Article 22
In the event that a person who has been declared missing reappears or his
whereabouts are ascertained, the people's court shall, upon his own
application or that of an interested person, revoke the declaration of his
missing-person status.
Article 23
Under either of the following circumstances, an interested person may
apply to the people's court for a declaration of a citizen's death:
(1) if the citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for four years or
(2) if the citizen's whereabouts have been unknown for two years after the
date of an accident in which he was involved.
If a person's whereabouts become unknown during a war, the calculation of
the time period in which his whereabouts are unknown shall begin on the
final day of the war.
Article 24
In the event that a person who has been declared dead reappears or it is
ascertained that he is alive, the people's court shall, upon his own
application or that of an interested person, revoke the declaration of his
death.
Any civil juristic acts performed by a person with capacity for civil
conduct during the period in which he has been declared dead shall be
valid.
Article 25
A person shall have the right to request the return of his property, if
the declaration of his death has been revoked. Any citizen or organization
that has obtained such property in accordance with the Law of Succession
shall return the original items or make appropriate compensation if the
original items no longer exist.
Section 4 Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm Households
Article 26
"Individual businesses" refers to business run by individual citizens who
have been lawfully registered and approved to engage in industrial or
commercial operation within the sphere permitted by law. An individual
business may adopt a shop name.
Article 27
"Leaseholding farm households" refers to members of a rural collective
economic organization who engage in commodity production under a contract
and within the spheres permitted by law.
Article 28
The legitimate rights and interests of individual businesses and
leaseholding farm households shall be protected by law.
Article 29
The debts of an individual business or a leaseholding farm household shall
be secured with the individual's property if the business is operated by
an individual and with the family's property if the business is operated
by a family.
Section 5 Individual Partnership
Article 30
"Individual partnership" refers to two or more citizens associated in a
business and working together, with each providing funds, material
objects, techniques and so on according to an agreement.
Article 31
Partners shall make a written agreement covering the funds each is to
provide, the distribution of profits, the responsibility for debts, the
entering into and withdrawal from partnership, the ending of partnership
and other such matters.
Article 32
The property provided by the partners shall be under their unified
management and use. The property accumulated in a partnership operation
shall belong to all the partners.
Article 33
An individual partnership may adopt a shop name; it shall be approved and
registered in accordance with the law and conduct business operations
within the range as approved and registered.
Article 34
The operational activities of an individual partnership shall be decided
jointly by the partners, who each shall have the right to carry out and
supervise those activities. The partners may elect a responsible person.
All partners shall bear civil liability for the operational activities of
the responsible person and other personnel.
Article 35
A partnership's debts shall be secured with the partners' property in
proportion to their respective contributions to the investment or
according to the agreement made. Partners shall undertake joint liability
for their partnership's debts, except as otherwise stipulated by law. Any
partner who overpays his share of the partnership's debts shall have the
right to claim compensation from the other partners.

Chapter III Legal Persons
Section 1 General Stipulations
Article 36
A legal person shall be an organization that has capacity for civil rights
and capacity for civil conduct and independently enjoys civil rights and
assumes civil obligations in accordance with the law.
A legal person's capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct
shall begin when the legal person is established and shall end when the
legal person terminates.
Article 37
A legal person shall have the following qualifications:
(1) establishment in accordance with the law;
(2) possession of the necessary property or funds;
(3) possession of its own name, organization and premises; and
(4) ability to independently bear civil liability.
Article 38
In accordance with the law or the articles of association of the legal
person, the responsible person who acts on behalf of the legal person in
exercising its functions and powers shall be its legal representative.
Article 39
A legal person's domicile shall be the place where its main administrative
office is located.
Article 40
When a legal person terminates, it shall go into liquidation in accordance
with the law and discontinue all other activities.
Section 2 Enterprise as Legal Person
Article 41
An enterprise owned by the whole people or under collective ownership
shall be qualified as a legal person when it has sufficient funds as
stipulated by the state; has articles of association, an organization and
premises; has the ability to independently bear civil liability; and has
been approved and registered by the competent authority. A Chinese-
foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or
foreign-capital enterprise established within the People's Republic of
China shall be qualified as a legal person in China if it has the
qualifications of a legal person and has been approved and registered by
the administrative agency for industry and commerce in according with the
law.
Article 42
An enterprise as legal person shall conduct operations within the range
approved and registered.
Article 43
An enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability for the
operational activities of its legal representatives and other personnel.
Article 44
If an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged or undergoes any
other important change, it shall register the change with the registration
authority and publicly announce it.
When an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged, its rights and
obligations shall be enjoyed and assumed by the new legal person that
results from the change.
Article 45
An enterprise as legal person shall terminate for any of the following
reasons:
(1) if it is dissolved by law;
(2) if it is disbanded;
(3) if it is declared bankrupt in accordance with the law; or
(4) for other reasons.
Article 46
When an enterprise as legal person terminates, it shall cancel its
registration with the registration authority and publicly announce the
termination.
Article 47
When an enterprise as legal person is disbanded, it shall establish a
liquidation organization and go into liquidation. When an enterprise as
legal person is dissolved or is declared bankrupt, the competent authority
or a people's court shall organize the organs and personnel concerned to
establish a liquidation organization to liquidate the enterprise.
Article 48
An enterprise owned by the whole people, as legal person, shall bear civil
liability with the property that the state authorizes it to manage. An
enterprise under collective ownership, as legal person, shall bear civil
liability with the property it owns. A Chinese-foreign equity joint
venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or foreign-capital
enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability with the property it
owns, except as stipulated otherwise by law.
Article 49
Under any of the following circumstances, an enterprise as legal person
shall bear liability, its legal representative may additionally be given
administrative sanctions and fined and, if the offence constitutes a
crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with
the law:
(1) conducting illegal operations beyond the range approved and registered
by the registration authority;
(2) concealing facts from the registration and tax authorities and
practising fraud;
(3) secretly withdrawing funds or hiding property to evade repayment of
debts;
(4) disposing of property without authorization after the enterprise is
dissolved, disbanded or declared bankrupt;
(5) failing to apply for registration and make a public announcement
promptly when the enterprise undergoes a change or terminates, thus
causing interested persons to suffer heavy losses;
(6) engaging in other activities prohibited by law, damaging the interests
of the state or the public interest.
Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social Organization as Legal
Person
Article 50
An independently funded official organ shall be qualified as a legal
person on the day it is established.
If according to law an institution or social organization having the
qualifications of a legal person needs not go through the procedures for
registering as a legal person, it shall be qualified as a legal person on
the day it is established; if according to law it does need to go through
the registration procedures, it shall be qualified as a legal person after
being approved and registered.
Section 4 Economic Association
Article 51
If a new economic entity is formed by enterprises or an enterprise and an
institution that engage in economic association and it independently bears
civil liability and has the qualifications of a legal person, the new
entity shall be qualified as a legal person after being approved and
registered by the competent authority.
Article 52
If the enterprises or an enterprise and an institution that engage in
economic association conduct joint operation but do not have the
qualifications of a legal person, each party to the association shall, in
proportion to its respective contribution to the investment or according
to the agreement made, bear civil liability with the property each party
owns or manages. If joint liability is specified by law or by agreement,
the parties shall assume joint liability.
Article 53
If the contract for economic association of enterprises or of an
enterprise and an institution specifies that each party shall conduct
operations independently, it shall stipulate the rights and obligations of
each party, and each party shall bear civil liability separately.

Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency
Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts
Article 54
A civil juristic act shall be the lawful act of a citizen or legal person
to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations.
Article 55
A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements:
(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;
(2) the intention expressed is genuine; and
(3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest.
Article 56
A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form. If the law
stipulates that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation shall be
observed.
Article 57
A civil juristic act shall be legally binding once it is instituted. The
actor shall not alter or rescind his act except in accordance with the law
or with the other party's consent.
Article 58
Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void:
(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct;
(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a
person with limited capacity for civil conduct;
(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of
cheating, coercion or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the
other party;
(4) those that performed through malicious collusion are detrimental to
the interest of the state, a collective or a third party;
(5) those that violate the law or the public interest;
(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory plans; and
(7) those that performed under the guise of legitimate acts conceal
illegitimate purposes. Civil acts that are null and void shall not be
legally binding from the very beginning.
Article 59
A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration
agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts:
(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents
of the acts;
(2) those that are obviously unfair.
Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning.
Article 60
If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity
of other parts.
Article 61
After a civil act has been determined to be null and void or has been
rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall
return it to the party who suffered a loss. The erring party shall
compensate the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the
act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share
of the responsibility.
If the two sides have conspired maliciously and performed a civil act that
is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third
party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned
over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party.
Article 62
A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional civil
juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.
Section 2 Agency
Article 63
Citizens and legal persons may perform civil juristic acts through agents
An agent shall perform civil juristic acts in the principal's name within
the scope of the power of agency. The principal shall bear civil liability
for the agent's acts of agency. Civil juristic acts that should be
performed by the principal himself, pursuant to legal provisions or the
agreement between the two parties, shall not be entrusted to an agent.
Article 64
Agency shall include entrusted agency, statutory agency and appointed
agency. An entrusted agent shall exercise the power of agency as
entrusted by the principal; a statutory agent shall exercise the power of
agency as prescribed by law; and an appointed agent shall exercise the
power of agency as designated by a people's court or the appointing unit.
Article 65
A civil juristic act may be entrusted to an agent in writing or orally. If
legal provisions require the entrustment to be written, it shall be
effected in writing. Where the entrustment of agency is in writing, the
power of attorney shall clearly state the agent's name, the entrusted
tasks and the scope and duration of the power of agency, and it shall be
signed or sealed by the principal.
If the power of attorney is not clear as to the authority conferred, the
principal shall bear civil liability towards the third party, and the
agent shall be held jointly liable.
Article 66
The principal shall bear civil liability for an act performed by an actor
with no power of agency, beyond the scope of his power of agency or after
his power of agency has expired, only if he recognizes the act
retroactively. If the act is not so recognized, the performer shall bear
civil liability for it. If a principal is aware that a civil act is being
executed in his name but fails to repudiate it, his consent shall be
deemed to have been given.
An agent shall bear civil liability if he fails to perform his duties and
thus causes damage to the principal.
If an agent and a third party in collusion harm the principal's interests,
the agent and the third party shall be held jointly liable.
If a third party is aware that an actor has no power of agency, is
overstepping his power of agency, or his power of agency has expired and
yet joins him in a civil act and thus brings damage to other people, the
third party and the actor shall be held jointly liable.
Article 67
If an agent is aware that the matters entrusted are illegal but still
carries them out, or if a principal is aware that his agent's acts are
illegal but fails to object to them, the principal and the agent shall be
held jointly liable.
Article 68
If in the principal's interests an entrusted agent needs to transfer the

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中华人民共和国国家教育委员会关于开办外籍人员子女学校的暂行管理办法

国家教育委员会


中华人民共和国国家教育委员会关于开办外籍人员子女学校的暂行管理办法
1995年4月5日,国家教委


第一条 为给外籍人员子女在中国境内接受教育提供方便,完善对外籍人员子女学校的管理,促进我国的对外开放,制定本办法。
第二条 在中国境内合法设立的外国机构、外资企业、国际组织的驻华机构和合法居留的外国人,可以依照本办法申请开办外籍人员子女学校(以下简称“学校”)。
第三条 学校以实施中等(含普通中学)及其以下学校教育为限。
第四条 申请开办学校,需具备以下基本条件:
(一)有相应规模的生源和办学需求;
(二)有适应教育教学需要的师资;
(三)有必要的场地、设施及其他办学条件;
(四)有必备的办学资金和稳定的经费来源。
第五条 申请开办学校,需提交下列材料:
(一)开办学校的申请书(包括办学宗旨、招生规划、招生区域、办学规模等);
(二)学校章程;
(三)申请人证明文件;
(四)学校校长、董事会成员名单及其资格证明文件;
(五)拟建学校的设施、资金、校舍、场地、经费来源及有关证明文件;
(六)师资来源。
第六条 开办学校,由申请人向拟办学校所在地的省、自治区、直辖市教育行政部门提出申请,经审核同意后,报国务院教育行政部门审批。
第七条 经批准设立的学校,从批准之日起,具有法人资格,独立承担民事责任。
学校不得设立分校。
第八条 学校招生对象为在中国境内持有居留证件的外籍人员子女。学校不得招收境内中国公民的子女入学。
第九条 学校的课程设置、教材和教学计划,由学校自行确定。
第十条 办学经费由申请人自筹解决。
学校不得在中国境内从事工商业活动及其他营利活动。
第十一条 中华人民共和国政府鼓励并支持学校开设汉语和中国文化课程,以增进和加深学生对中国文化的了解。
第十二条 学校聘用外籍人员,依照《中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理法》及外国人在华工作有关规定办理。
学校聘用驻华使领馆人员及其配偶,需经外交部批准。
学校聘用中国公民,须向省级教育行政部门提出申请,经核准后,方可聘用。
第十三条 学校进口教学设备和办公用品,按国家有关规定办理。
第十四条 学校及其工作人员和学生应遵守中国的法律和法规,尊重中国人民的风俗习惯,不得从事危害中华人民共和国国家安全和社会公共利益的活动。
第十五条 学校建设用地依照国家土地管理法规办理。学校校舍、场地不得用于进行与其职能不相符合的活动。
第十六条 学校每年应将教职员及学生名册、教材等送当地教育行政部门备案,并接受当地教育行政部门依法进行的监督和检查。
学校校长、董事会成员如有变更,应向省级教育行政部门备案。
第十七条 违反本办法,有下列情形之一的,由省级教育行政部门视情节轻重,可责令学校和开办人限期整顿或者停办:
(一)未经批准,擅自设立学校的;
(二)招收境内中国公民子女的;
(三)办学资源(包括资金、生源和师资)严重不足,无法正常运行的;
(四)从事工商业活动及其他营利性活动的;
(五)从事违反中国法律、法规活动的。
第十八条 驻中国外交机构开办的外交人员子女学校的管理,不适用本办法。
第十九条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可根据本办法,结合本地区实际制定具体规定。
第二十条 本办法自发布之日起施行。在此以前已经设立的学校,按本办法规定,补办有关手续。